Drug Education Series: Crack

Some people may also experience crack bugs or coke bugs, a tactile hallucination that makes you feel like bugs are crawling over your skin. These hallucinations can cause someone to scratch themselves repeatedly in their attempts to remove the bugs. Hallucinations can also make it hard to sleep, resulting in sleep deprivation that can enhance delusional thinking.

A Brief History of Crack as a Recreational Drug

Crack cocaine first appeared in the United States as an illicit drug during the early 1980s, almost instantly earning a reputation as one of the most addictive substances on the streets. It gained popularity due to its high profitability, affordability and immediate euphoric effect.

Miami is considered the birthplace of the U.S. crack epidemic, where people began converting powdered cocaine into crack to distribute and sell to other major cities, including Detroit, New York City and Los Angeles. Between 1981 and 1986, crack’s emergence in cities led to a drastic increase in crime while manufacturing industries were relocating outside the city, resulting in more workplace competition and a widening social and economic gap.

In response to the crack epidemic’s harmful effects, the federal government passed anti-drug laws, increased anti-drug funding, established organizations such as the Partnership for a Drug-Free America and expanded prison and police programs to combat drug trafficking.

The crack epidemic disproportionately affected poor inner-city communities, causing devastating impacts, including increased addiction rates and drug-related deaths and crime. Although crack’s consequences aren’t as substantial today, the drug’s popularity remains high because it’s less expensive to make and buy than powdered cocaine.

How Crack Addiction Develops

Since crack is more addictive and potent than powdered cocaine, it’s possible to become addicted after only one usage. This is because crack releases dopamine, a happiness-inducing chemical, into the brain, creating a euphoric rush that encourages users to consume more. However, repeated crack use can inhibit the brain’s natural dopamine production as the body develops a physical dependency.

The high and comedown associated with crack produces rapid, conflicting effects, fluctuating from an intense, pleasurable high to crushing periods of depression and irritability. This contrast can also encourage repeated crack use to alleviate unpleasant drug crashes and obtain highs, creating a vicious cycle that can quickly result in addiction.

When someone repeatedly uses a drug, they often need larger, more frequent doses to achieve the same effects as before. Frequent crack exposure can cause people to depend on the drug to avoid negative feelings or moods, causing them to feel extremely anxious when they aren’t high and to need the drug just to feel normal.

Signs of Crack Abuse

If someone you know may be struggling with a crack addiction, there are several warning signs to look for, including:

• Overconfidence and hyperactivity
• Aggressive behavior
• Restlessness
• Rapid breathing
• Dilated pupils
• Uncharacteristic irresponsible behavior
• Cracked or burned fingers or lips
• Inability to hold a regular conversation

Since crack’s effects are short-lived, many people may reinstate their high every 15 to 20 minutes. If you notice someone frequently stepping outside or disappearing into a separate room alone, this can also be a sign of crack abuse.

Health Risks of Abusing Crack

Long-term crack use can increase a person’s risk of seriously damaging their physical and mental health, resulting in long-lasting effects such as:

• Convulsions or seizures
• Respiratory and cardiovascular issues
• Kidney, heart or liver damage
• Sleep deprivation
• Increased risk of acute lung injuries, resulting in permanent damage or scarring
• Oral issues such as yellowed or decaying teeth
• Sexual dysfunction
• Reproductive damage and infertility
• Permanent blood vessel damage
• Cracked, bruised or blistered lips
• Neglect of daily responsibilities, including work, school or social activities

Treatment for Crack Addiction

Crack addiction is difficult to break, especially since withdrawal symptoms can kick in just a few hours after the last dosage. Crack withdrawal symptoms are predominantly psychological and can include fatigue, anxiety, depression and intense cravings. Once you’re aware of someone’s crack abuse, encourage them to seek professional help immediately.

Professional treatment can help individuals manage withdrawal symptoms to overcome addiction and sustain long-lasting recovery. Depending on the severity of a person’s crack abuse, medical detox can help them safely undergo withdrawal and transition to a rehab facility. Drug rehab ranges from inpatient programs to outpatient therapy or counseling to help individuals process their addiction and any underlying mental health issues they may have.

Seek Help at Topsail Addiction Treatment Center

Topsail Addiction Treatment is an outpatient addiction recovery center serving the Boston area. By offering a range of addiction services, from all-day to weekly treatment, Topsail Addiction gives individuals access to therapy, counseling, support groups and educational programs to overcome their substance abuse problem for good.

Although ending crack abuse can be difficult, it isn’t impossible. Contact Topsail Addiction today to speak with a compassionate, trained staff member and get the help you need.